ECommerce Coursework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

ECommerce Coursework - Essay Example Turban et al have compared the internet economy to the ecosystem in nature because the users find their own ways and means to generate profits and service the customers. They create an environment conducive to attract the customers and suppliers and make changes as the situation demands. Today the internet has scores of online businesses business-to-business (B2B), business-to-customer (B2C) and customer-to-customer (C2C) and has definite advantages over the traditional way of transacting business (Amit and Zott 2000). However, the internet ecosystem has a business model that has enhanced the value chain and eliminated the dis-intermediaries. There are various business models that operate on the internet each having its own advantages and benefits for the participants. This is because the internet is an open and non-proprietary platform for collaboration and communication. It has allowed free information sharing and close connections with customers and among supply chain or business ecosystems partners’ information systems (Lee and Vonortas 2003). This results in benefits like real time pricing, flexible products and services, low cost of distribution as the intermediaries can be eliminated. The extensive reach and the richness of the information can be maintained between the ecosystem partners. The digital assets for a firm include the information about the customers whereby they are able to provide value across different markets. Information is a source of revenue for the digital economy and this enhances transparency. Business offer virtual online stores where the customers can visit stores, compare prices and take an informed decision. In the digital world keeping pace with the change that is taking place is important and firms must learn to adapt to the changing business environments. Today there are definite value drivers of e-commerce, which refers to any factor that enhances the

MBA Marketing Analysis and Planning

MBA Marketing Analysis and Planning The report analyzes the market for Converses Chucks All Star range of footwear in the United States of America and includes a look at other competitive brands for comparison. Graphs depicting market data in terms of net sales in US dollars have been included to support the findings. The report segments the market for Chucks on basis of demographic, psychographic and behavioral factors and then moves on to highlight the target market for the canvas shoe. Also included is the market position of Chucks relative to its competitors. The report describes the products marketing mix and its influence on the market position and customers buying behavior. Also, the approach has been criticized in terms of current and future opportunities. Finally, the report draws a conclusion of the market Introduction to Converse and Chucks All Star It all began in 1908, when Marquis M. Converse launched the Converse Rubber shoe Company in Malden, Massachusetts. The company started as a manufacturer of rubber shoes, which offered winterized rubber soled footwear for men, women, and children. By the year 1910 the Converse Shoe Company was producing 4,000 shoes daily, but it was not until 1912, that it first began producing athletic shoes for tennis. In 1917, the company revolutionized basketball by introducing the worlds first canvas high-top performance basketball shoes, that it named the All Star. Five years later, a semi-professional basketball player, Charles Chuck Taylor officially joined Converse as Americas first sports player endorser; Chucks signature was added two years later in the All Star patch and for the next four decades, Chucks, as they became known, were the shoes to have, particularly on the basketball court. The involvement of America in World War II (1941) took Converse into a new phase and it began manufacturing boots and ponchos. Converse designed the A6 Flying Boot for the U.S. Army Air Corps and even post the war these shoes remained the government issued athletic shoes for military training. For its war efforts Converse received a number of honors from the Army, Navy, and U.S. Treasury. Converse shoes became the number one footwear among the teenagers, who wore them as a symbol of youth rebellion in the 50ÂÂ ´s and for the same reason they continued to be popular in the 70ÂÂ ´s and 80ÂÂ ´s. But it was in the late 80ÂÂ ´s that Converses popularity started to decline. A series of unfortunate events and bad decisions lead Converse to file for bankruptcy in 2001. In June, 2003 Nike bought Converse out for $305 million and has ever since invested more than four million dollars into its advertising. Today, Converse has over 1,000 different types of Chucks selling in the market to individuals and organizations, all with the same goal WEAR A SHOE THAT MAKES A STATEMENT. As mentioned in the mission statement of the company: Our MISSION is to deliver personal service to our customers knowing that soon we will become friends. Our hope is that we provide the same shoes that our owners father wore for cross country in 1965, and his grandfather wore to play stickball in the streets of Philadelphia in the 30s. This report is an outcome of an analysis of marketing strategies used by Converse in the United States of America. The main purpose of the report is to indicate the market segmentation and target customer base of Converses most famous range of shoes, the Chucks or Converse All Star, in the U.S. The report further analyzes the position of Converse in the footwear industry in comparison to its competitors; the positive and negative aspects of the positioning strategies. It further discusses the product, pricing, promotional and distribution strategies and their influence on the buying behavior. Market Segmentation, Target Market and Positioning of Chucks Converse claims to be the first shoe company to launch footwear with Self Expression and till date Chucks enjoy the status of being the most popular shoes with this advantage. Despite this fact, Converse prefers to focus only on certain preference clusters and chooses target marketing over traditional mass marketing. The market for the Chucks All Stars has primarily been segmented according to demographic factors, namely, age and income. Furthermore, the company also divides the market on basis of psychographic factors like lifestyle and personality. Behavioral factors, like attitude and user status, have also been used to segment the market further. The product goes beyond segmenting the market on basis of gender, by offering shoes for both men and women, and also unisex shoes. The market for the Chucks has been segmented on basis of the following factors: Demographic Under this factor the U.S. population is primarily categorized on basis of age, discretionary income and generation. The age groups have been split into four parts, namely: under 13, 13 to 19, 20 to 35 and above 35. *Further, the income groups have been divided into: 0 income (students), $ 1 to $ 30,000 (young entry-level professionals) and above $ 30,000 (upper middle class). The generations have been segmented into baby boomers (those born between 1946 and 1964), Generation X (those born between 1964 and 1984) and Generation Y (those born after 1984). Psychographic For this factor the market has been categorized on basis of lifestyle and personality. The population of the U.S. has been segmented on basis of lifestyle into seven groups, namely: Resigned Rigid, authoritarian, chauvinistic (older) Mainstream Domestic, conformist, conventional (Part of the mass, favoring big brands) Aspirer Materialistic, acquisitive, image conscious, attractive more important than quality of contents (Younger, clerical/sales type occupation) Succeeder Strong goal orientation, confidence, work ethic (Top management) Explorer Energy-autonomy, adventurous (Younger students) Reformer Freedom from restriction, intolerant of bad taste ( Higher education) Behavioral The market has been segmented on basis of loyalty status into Hard-core loyals, split loyals, shifting loyals and switchers. Also, attitudes of the American populace have been used to factor the market into: upbeat enjoyers, insecures and financial positives. Converse has analyzed web users online activities to figure out who is most likely to be interested in its product, which enables them to place ads on whatever sites those consumers are visiting. For example, behavioral segments important to the footwear industry, such as fashion-interested, outdoor sports enthusiast or soccer mom, would be based on where the user has gone and/or what they have done on various web pages. Share of U.S. Footwear Retail Sales by Consumer Group and Major Product Category, 2008 (%) Target Market With respect to the segments classified above, the Chucks have been made to target two age groups: the Teens, ranging from 13 to 19 years of age and the entry-level professionals ranging from the age of 20 to 35. The Chucks are designed for both male as well as the female consumers with different variations and patterns for both. The product also offers a unisex range to its consumers. Chucks marketing strategy also targets the zero, mid and upper range income groups. The marketing focus lies mainly on the younger generation, Generation X (Gen X) and Generation Y (The Echo Boomers), who fall in the Aspirer, Explorer or Reformer category based on lifestyles. *The shoes became very popular with rock musicians, and younger generations wore them for their distinctive looks, colors, and comfort and as an alternative to the high priced high performance shoes made by Nike and other companies. They were considered a leisure shoe and also were purchased because they were fashionable.* People from inner-directed hierarchy of stages, particularly I-am-me and Experimental lifestyles are being targeted. Product Positioning of Chucks relative to its competitors Converse once stood for athletic footwear. Now the brand has developed into a fashion statement for the retro-modern sub-culture prevalent in todays generation and is marketed as a Classic shoe for the new generation. Converse has obtained a good position in the buyers mind through better product attributes, price, quality and image, offering the product in a different way than the competitors do. The company offers the product in a variety of colors and styles at an affordable price with high branding, which ultimately helps to position the Chucks, in the buyers perspective, as trendy yet simple shoes. Converse has adopted the Cultural Symbol Approach to position Chucks in the market by associating the product with the basketball legend Chuck H. Taylor and appending his signature with the brand logo. The brand value of Converse is such that owning a pair of Chucks is equivalent to owning a piece of history, which apparently is a value offered by none other in the market. The Product User Approach for positioning the Chucks relative to its competitors. Another advantage Converse enjoys over its competitors is the association of the brand with music. The shoe became associated with puck rock and counter culture after being worn by the bands The Ramones and Blondie, who communicated with both strong music and fashion statements. The Ramones used the shoe as part of their street image with black leather jacket and blue jeans whereas Blondie gave the shoe a glossier menswear revamp creating an alternative suiting look as band members wore red and black colored Chucks with tight black pants, black jackets, shirts and ties on the cover of their Parallel Lines LP. Adopting the Product User Approach to position the Chucks Converse have also collaborated with designer John Varvatos and worked on several innovative marketing and charitable projects. They also released a collection of Converse shoes inspired by Kurt Cobain featuring artwork sourced from Cobains journals. Cobain was often seen wearing Converse and was wearing Chucks when he ki lled himself. The Converse Cobain collection has earned a mixed response from Nirvana fans who have noted that Cobain was particularly concerned about corporate appropriation of counter culture value. The unique selling proposition (USP) of Converse All Star is their simple design, wearing which the consumers declare the ownership of the old-school essence. The classic 2-ply canvas and rubber sole has been the only design that Converse shoes have revolved around and always will. Apart from the image value provided by Chucks, the product also provides its consumers with a diversity of patterns and colors to choose from, a most attractive attribute for the youth. Moreover, Chucks also come in low ankle height design and high boots to suit the style of every individual. The Chucks also compliment almost all outfits for both the genders. Be it under skinny jeans, or a short skirt, Chucks can give a trendy look to all. The big broad colored laces in the shoes can easily be arranged by youngsters in different ways to give a new look on every arrangement. It has also been a fad amongst youngsters to paint the shoes highlighting their individualism. *Therefore, Chucks are more than just shoes. Marketing Mix and Market Position of Chucks This section describes the way Converse uses the tactical marketing tools for marketing Chucks in the United States. This section will cover the product attributes, pricing, distribution channels and promotional activities of Chuck Taylor All Star. Product The benefits provided by Chucks can be classified into three groups: The core benefits of the product comprise of the fact that Chucks are classic kicks that fit any look. They provide a perceived look of self-expression, free-spirit and creativity for every owner. Also, Chucks are easy to care for and teens prefer them because of the low maintenance feature that comes from a simple canvas and rubber design. The actual benefit of the shoe is its exquisite quality for a reasonable price. The Chucks use 2 ply canvas and a sturdy rubber toe-guard, which looks trendy and at the same time protects your feet. Although Chucks are not designed for athletics, they feel pretty comfortable and have a relatively simple design. Another special quality is their ability to transcend cultures; they appeal to punks, rebels, athletes, and kids. Another benefit of chucks is that they come in an unimaginable range of colors and also are packaged in color-themed shoe boxes, making it more appealing to the target consumer base. One of the most important features of chucks is that they provide the consumer with a variety of choices in terms of designs and patterns. The consumer can choose from hi-top, low-top, X-Hi and Slip-On. Above all, Converse is a recognized brand in the market of canvas shoes. Because of this, even after Nike took over Converse, they carried on the range with the same brand name. Augmented benefits include, the consumers being offered with an option to buy a customizable shoe with user-generated content, allowing users to design and select colors for the entire shoe. Consumers are able to create unique custom canvas shoes by uploading their own designs, patterns, illustrations, images and text, and then preview their shoes instantly. Users can also embellish their shoe designs with preset colors and patterns. The shoes are embellished and assembled from scratch within 24 to 48 hours, which enables consumers to receive their shoes in one to two weeks. Apart from all these benefits offered by Chucks, they also come in limited editions for those who want an exclusive shoe. Converse keeps coming up web exclusive offers to increase sales and make consumers revisit the site frequently. The sales and purchase agreement of Converse also offers an easy return within 30 days if the consumer happens to be unsatisfied with his online purchase. If purchased at high-end retailer, satisfaction guarantee Price Converses Chucks are priced quite reasonably relative to its competitors. On one hand, where brands like Sketchers, Vans, Levis, Adidas and Lee Cooper, offer the same quality and style for a high price, Converse All-Stars dont usually cost more than $35-60. Chucks are positioned to suit practically every pocket. Consumers can also avail the Just Reduced and Last Chance offers on particular shoes while purchasing online. The company usually provides discount coupons or vouchers on in-store purchases which can be utilized at the time of the next buy. Place/Distribution Converse has 53 outlets in the Unites States located in all major cities like California, Florida and Texas. (www.converse.com) Apart from exclusive Converse Stores, the product is also distributed to major retailers and is sold to the consumer through a variety of channels. According to data from BIGresearch, in the years 2006-2008 BIGresearch, nearly 18% of adult consumers have no preference for a particular branded outlet, 12% of consumers shop most often at Wal-Mart and Payless for footwear. Chucks can also be bought online from Converses official website www.converse.com. Promotion Apart from competing in price, Converse has to fight for market share through strategies like strengthening brand image and product proliferation. The brand image of Converse is created by extensive marketing campaigns and celebrity endorsements. The product has had a collection of classic advertisements after Nike invested a sum of $4 million post its takeover of Converse. The figure below shoes the growth in the sales of Converse after Nike pushed its promotion. Nike, Inc. Net Sales of Cole Haan, Converse Other Products and Percent of Total Net Sales, 2005-2009 (in millions $) Source: Nike, Inc. annual reports and press releases. Chucks have been marketed by famous personalities like Chuck H. Taylor, The Ramones and Will Smith from the field of sports, music and entertainment respectively. Converse has been actively building up a presence within the hip, indie/alternative music youth culture for the better part of the past decade, in particular emphasizing its retro-tinged Chuck Taylor All Star brand. Previously, the company has tapped musicians like Tokyo Police Club and Matt Kim to design shoes and sponsored collaborative singles from blog-hyped acts, including a recent release from Best Coast, Kid Cudi, and Vampire Weekends Rostam Batmanglij. The company also sponsors rock concerts, a kind of event associated with the target market. Since Converse is more like a community, a part of its advertising is done by its existing consumers through Word of Mouth (WOM) and internet blogs. Influence of Marketing Mix on Buying Behavior for Chucks Though the marketing mix needs to be updated on a regular basis to suit the variable needs of the existing customer base and to foray into newer markets, Converse has always promoted Chucks as an affordable trendy shoe for youngsters. With its classic customizable range of kicks, Chucks directly meets the need of creativity and self-expression for the youth. Also, the association of the brand with music since decades is a strong attraction to the followers of punk rock. Colors, styles, fashions, and what is likely to be hot are important criteria in the design of fashion footwear, and Chucks meet them all. Moreover, Converse is a renowned brand for canvas shoes and this brand familiarity influences the buyers decision to purchase Chuck Taylors each time he walks into a store with the intent of buying a pair of shoes. Chucks are reasonably priced and therefore are more likely, than its competitors, to be purchased. The frequent discounts and offers that Converse comes up with play a significant role in attracting the customers. The vouchers earned on in-store purchases work to persuade the customers to shop at Converse again. With several factory stores in the important cities of the country, Converse has made the purchase of Chucks quite convenient for its customers. Comforters are also lured by the option of website purchases and the availability of the shoe in ubiquitous retailers like Wal-Mart and Payless. The association that Converse has made with the celebrities from all spheres of life, sports to music to media, has helped it make a positive impression on minds of the targeted younger generation. The followers of indie/punk rock also relate with Converse much more than with any other brand, owing to Converses sponsorships of music events. Also, since Converse is a recognized brand, customers tend to buy Chucks since influencers or the reference groups possess the shoe. Conclusion Converse is a recognized brand in the fashion footwear industry, which positions its Shoe, Chucks All Star, as a shoe of self-expression. The product is reasonably priced and targets the younger generation of students and young professionals. With a variety of designs and colors, high quality standards and relatively low pricing, Chucks are amongst the most preferred shoes in the target market. Converse promotes Chucks through a number of distribution channels and celebrity endorsements. Overall with its marketing activities Chucks has been a successful brand. The only area in which Chucks are lagging is the athletic footwear segment which is huge market to be forayed in.

Wittgensteins 1913 Objections To Russells Theory of Belief: A Dialectical Reading :: Philosophy Philosophical Papers

Wittgenstein's 1913 Objections To Russell's Theory of Belief: A Dialectical Reading ABSTRACT: In what follows, I give (following Burton Dreben) a dialectical reading of his dismissal of metaphysics and of Wittgenstein's objections to Russell in 1913. I argue that Wittgenstein must be read as advocating no particular theory or doctrine — that is, philosophy is an activity and not a body of truths. Furthermore, this insistence is thoroughgoing. Put differently, a dialectical reading must be applied to one's own thought and talk. Characteristically, this sort of dialectical philosophy begins with the question, Is there any definiteness to what I am doing in my own thinking and speaking? Such a question undercuts the easy assumption that what we are doing may be expressed in a body of meaningful statements. In particular, I argue that Wittgenstein does not advocate any particular theory of language. A common reading of Wittgenstein is that he aims to prevent us from misusing language. This view assumes that, for Wittgenstein, the notion of a correct, acceptable o r meaningful use of language may be taken for granted. In my view, Wittgenstein does not take the notions of use of language and grammar and its misuse for granted. For Wittgenstein grammar underdetermines what it is to use or misuse language. I argue that an ethical critique is implicit in Wittgenstein's objections to any attempt to speak a priori about language and thought. Distrust of grammar is the first requisite of philosophizing. Notebooks, p. 106. The purpose of my talk this afternoon is to make clear what I shall call, following Burton Dreben, a dialectical reading of Wittgenstein's dismissal of metaphysics in the context of his pre-Tractatus objections to Russell's 1913 theory of belief. The earliest letters to Russell by Wittgenstein read naturally as presentations or proposals, to be read straightforwardly, as they stand. In this spirit, many authors interpret Wittgenstein as rejecting Russell. s attempts to talk about the structure of language and facts, and, further, as insisting that any attempt to state the limits of language is itself nonsense. On such a reading, Wittgenstein is reacting to Russell. s realist attempts to analyze the structure of facts into constituents and the structure of propositions into names by eliminating certain apparent symbols. Wittgenstein relegates their pseudo-uses to what is shown in the use of propositions. Ricketts writes: ....Russell takes relations to be a type of thing — they are constituents of facts, objects of acquaintance, and the designata of names.

Boston Tea Party, Tea Essay

Attention Getter: You probably wouldn’t believe me if I told you that a drug that creates the same signaling activity in the brain as cocaine is sold legally on almost every street corner across the nation. This is a fact however, and the drug is caffeine. It is one of the main ingredients in coffee, and is currently the most frequently used recreational drug in the world. Establish Credibility: I personally consider myself a coffee expert, and have been drinking at least one cup of coffee almost every morning for the last three years. Relate to the audience: Now, I know not every one of you drinks coffee but as you  can tell by the multiple Dutch Bros, Starbucks, and other coffee shops around town it is a very big part of our culture today. Preview: Throughout the course of this speech, I will discuss three major points relating to coffee. First, I will give some information on the history of coffee and when it first came into human culture, followed by the positive health benefits and some of the negative health risks associated with coffee. [First of all, I’m going to talk a little bit about the historical side of coffee and how it first got popular in our culture. ] Body I. Main Point: To understand why coffee is such a big part of modern day society, we must first understand where it originated. A. Sub-point: Coffee was first cultivated on the Arabian Peninsula in the 15th century. 1. Supporting details: Not only were the Arab’s the first to cultivate coffee, but they also were the first to trade coffee. 2. By the 16th century, the popularity of coffee was already expanding and Persia, Egypt, Syria and Turkey all had discovered about the amazing beverage. Sub-point: By the 17th century coffee was still gaining notoriety around  the world, however it was still not a household favorite as it as today. 1. Supporting Details: Coffee houses started sprouting up everywhere in the 1700’s, however tea was still the most popular drink around. 2. In 1773 a heavy tax on tea was inflicted by King George, which led to a pretty famous revolt called The Boston Tea Party. 3. Since people couldn’t afford tea after the tax, coffee quickly took over as the most popular morning beverage across the world, and remains the most popular today. Although coffee has been drank for hundreds of years, the majority of its health  benefits have only recently been discovered in the last few decades. ] II. Main Point: The majority of people drink coffee just to get through each day, however it does have many positive benefits to your health. A. Sub-point: Within just the last few years alone there has been research done showing that coffee may protect against type 2 diabetes, liver cancer, and Alzheimer’s disease. 1. Supporting details: According the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, liver cancer is the ninth leading cause of cancer and coffee has been shown to reduce risk of liver cancer by 40%. 2. Drinking coffee reduces the risk of diabetes as well, which is a common risk factor of liver cancer. B. Sub-point: One of the other medical uses of coffee is in preventing Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. 1. Supporting details: The most common neurodegenerative disease and number 1 cause of dementia is Alzheimer’s. 2. There is no cure for Alzheimer’s, however it has been shown that coffee drinkers have up to a 65% lower risk of getting the disease. [You might be thinking coffee is a miracle drink after some of those statistics, however it also has many negative effects on health as well. ] III. Main Point: There are a great deal of health issues that can result from drinking coffee, with some of the most common being addiction, insomnia and increased blood pressure. A. Sub-point: As a college student, one of the last things you will ever want to experience is insomnia, but it is a regular side effect of coffee. 1. Supporting details: By blocking certain receptors in the brain, coffee prevents chemicals that induce sleep from being used. B. Sub-point: Another widely studied effect of coffee, specifically caffeine, is how addictive it is. 1. Supporting details: Caffeine stimulates the central nervous  system and regular use will result in a physical dependence. 2. If a regular coffee drinker doesn’t have their daily cup, they will feel fatigued, irritable, and experience headaches within the first 24 hours. Conclusion 1. Transition Signal: In conclusion, coffee isn’t for everyone but if you do choose to consume it, you at least now know how it affects you. 2. Summary of Main Points: Throughout this speech we looked at how coffee first gained popularity in the human race, some of it’s positive health benefits as well as some of the negatives. 3. Call to Action: Even if you’ve never been a fan of coffee, try drinking a cup  before your next study session and see if you still don’t like it. 4. Memorable end: Although it may be addicting and cause serious potential health problems, there must be something special about coffee considering over half of adults in the U. S. drink it daily. References: 1) â€Å"Coffee Acts Just like Cocaine, Says Scientist. â€Å" BeverageDaily. com. Beverage Daily, 02 Sept. 2002. Web. 12 Nov. 2014. 2) Goldschein, Eric. â€Å"11 Incredible Facts About The Global Coffee Industry. † Business Insider. Business Insider, Inc, 14 Nov. 2011. Web. 12 Nov. 2014. 3) Gunnars, Kris. â€Å"13 Proven Health Benefits of Coffee† Authority Nutrition. N. p. , n. d. Web. 12 Nov. 2014. 4) â€Å"The History Of Coffee. † – National Coffee Association. NCA, n. d. Web. 12 Nov. 2014. 5) Stromberg, Joseph. â€Å"This Is How Your Brain Becomes Addicted to Caffeine. † Smithsonian. N. p. , 9 Aug. 2013. Web. 11 Nov. 2014. 6) Van Dam, Rob. â€Å"Ask the Expert: Coffee and Health. † The Nutrition Source. Harvard School of Public Health, n. d. Web. 09 Nov. 2014. 7) Weber, Belinda. â€Å"Coffee Consumption Cuts Liver Cancer Risk. † Medical News Today. MediLexicon International, 22 Oct. 2013. Web. 12 Nov. 2014. .

Comparative study between Blade Runner & Frankenstein Essay

Victor’s attitude is reactionary and domineering as he ostracises the Creature and employs diabolic epithets towards him such as ‘daemon’, completely disregarding the value of responsibility prevalent in Shelley’s era the perpetual darkness enveloping the ambient world echoes the ecological concerns of deforestation and global warming of the 1980s and thereby Blade Runner parallels Frankenstien insofar as both Shelley and Scott admonishes the disregard for nature as a reflection of shifting values toward artificial compromise. Pathetic fallacy of ‘the dreary glaciers are my refuge’ mimics the Creature’s isolation to convey the inherent role of nature in Shelley’s Romantic context as weather supplements his emotions. gothic conventions of heightened emotions are embodied with the Creature’s exaltation anthropomorphised nature ‘My spirits were elevated by the changing appearance of nature’, which values the subli me’s ability to inspire spiritual renewal. Intertextual ‘Immortal Game’ where Roy outplays Tyrell, symbolic of Tyrell’s eventual demise as a ramification for usurping God’s omnipotence. rapid technological progression of the 1980s forward, to represent a society where empathy has been replaced by pervasive commoditization. Scott incorporates the idea of people as commodities suggested by Roy labelled as a ‘prize’ embodies a cautionary message through a foreboding biblical reference to Lucifer, â€Å"you seek knowledge†¦may be a serpent to sting you’ to reinforce the irony of Victor’s prolonged toil of pursuing more knowledge with little benefit. Hence, Victor’s unchecked scientific investigation is depicted as ultimately self-destructive and to that end, Shelley induces us to appreciate the need for moderation by exposing the complications of intellectual extremism. ‘I ought to be thy Adam, but I am rather the fallen angel’ Here, the Creature’s rational lexis is juxtaposed with Victor’s insect imagery â€Å"Begone! Vile insect†, whereby the Creature’s developed sense of morality in comparison to Victor’s tyrannical behaviour reflects Shelley’s concerns of morally deficient humans and by extension; Shelley berates the use of oppression as a means of governance.

Free Essays on Lesson Plan

. Students that excel may find interests in learning to further their ASL knowledge. I believe the product will work because it actively involves the students in their learning. By doing hands on activities their attention will be focused and more apt to absorb all the information. Some obstacles that may occur during the lesson are confusion of hand positions or mixing up the letters. By using the small groups of three the teacher can walk around the classroom freely and critique the students individually in order to correct mistakes. Also, group activity will allow the other children to help each other.... Free Essays on Lesson Plan Free Essays on Lesson Plan For my first product I chose to do a lesson plan that can be taught from Kindergarten to second grade. The lesson will help the children apply their knowledge of the alphabet to learn the appropriate sign for each letter. I chose to create a lesson plan to enhance my professional experience and employability. Teachers have to make lesson plans every day and if you do not know how to make a lesson plan then you will most likely have an unorganized day of teaching. Also, when looking for jobs if I were to show them example lesson plans I made then they might feel I could be more qualified than others for the job. The primary audience for my product would be Kindergarten to Second graders in the classroom environment. The children would also be doing group work with this lesson. The children will range from age 5 to age 9. I chose my hometown school to teach this lesson plan to but it can also be taught at any school in any city and state. So, that would make the socioeconomic status and geographical location different in each example. The primary goals I will be looking for would be to have the children learn how to use sign language and comprehension to put the letters with their correct ASL sign. Also, the knowledge of the ASL alphabet is the first step in learning to sign words. Students that excel may find interests in learning to further their ASL knowledge. I believe the product will work because it actively involves the students in their learning. By doing hands on activities their attention will be focused and more apt to absorb all the information. Some obstacles that may occur during the lesson are confusion of hand positions or mixing up the letters. By using the small groups of three the teacher can walk around the classroom freely and critique the students individually in order to correct mistakes. Also, group activity will allow the other children to help each other....

How is Juliet presented to the audience at the beginning of the play Essays

How is Juliet presented to the audience at the beginning of the play Essays How is Juliet presented to the audience at the beginning of the play Essay How is Juliet presented to the audience at the beginning of the play Essay Romeo and Juliet are clearly famous literature characters with definite labels and expectations of both of them. Before reading the play, a clear expectation of Juliets character is respected and holds powerful position in society due to the status of her family. Furthermore I expected Juliet to be a self-conscious character, with a constant worry over her appearance to others. However this is not the case. Juliet acts differently to her expectations to the audience.Juliet first appears in Act 1 Scene 3 when she is called upon by Lady Capulet, her first appearance to the audience is as though she is acting as a servant for Lady Capulet. Madam, I am here. What is your will? Surprisingly she shows a sense of loyalty towards her mother, furthermore she appears to commonly act as a servant for her mother by the language she uses when talking to her.My thoughts of a mother and daughter relationship would definitely not involve a servant act, played by the daughter. This is surprising as my main expectation of Juliet was as a respected individual. Being called upon by Lady Capulet suggests to the audience, that perhaps Juliet has little importance in the play. In addition to this, Juliet is a young girl in a difficult social position. Her behaviour throughout the play reflects that.A clear lack of closeness can be seen between Lady Capulet and Juliet at the start of Act 1 Scene 3, Nurse where is my daughter? Lady Capulet gives off an impression that she is un-aware of Juliets actions. She also seems un-comfortable and shows an awkward tone during the presence of Juliet. It seems she isnt quite sure what her role as a mother really is. Nurse, give leave awhile: We must talk in secret. Nurse, come back again. Lady Capulet shows an insecure relationship with Juliet here, perhaps she has always had guidance of the Nurse. A mother daughter relationship should include openness, however Lady Capulet cannot be open with Juliet, the Nurse is used as a kind of surrogate.Unlike Lady Capulet, the Nurse seems to be able to interact with Juliet. The two seem to be able to relate and a clear relationship can be seen by the audience. Go girl, seek happy nights to happy days. The Nurse wants Juliet to be happy and shows affection towards Juliet. Perhaps this is because she feels it is her duty because she is close to Juliet. In addition she might feel sorry for Juliet because she doesnt seem to receive any support or real emotion from Lady Capulet. The Nurse seems to understand Juliet; she seems to know what is best for her. Maybe Lady Capulet uses the Nurse to guide Juliet because she thinks the Nurse is better at it.A main expectation I had of Juliet would definitely give her a manipulative and commanding personality. Interestingly she does not give off a commanding side to the audience. Despite this she does give off a stronger appearance than Romeo. During her first meeting with Romeo, she is the character in the stronger position. A clear anticipation of Romeo before the play is a strong, hero type character. Surprisingly he seems a little weaker and sensitive than expected.During the scene where he is wandering from the rest of the Montagues, he shows a more affectionate side than the rest of the Montagues and appears to be different. A major similarity that can be seen between Romeo and Juliet is that they both appear to be detached from the rest. Juliet is introduced off-stage, Romeo is moping about a lost love. They seem to be slightly individual to everyone else and this gives them a more personal appearance to the audience. They have a different character and are not just average.Interestingly a connection can be seen between Romeo and Juliet immediately at their meeting. A spark can be seen between the two characters. Going against my expectation of Romeos strong character, we find him chasing Juliet and immediately showing affection towards her. Surprisingly not for the first time Romeo finds himself i n a weak position, within the Capulet party.Juliet expresses a different side during the presence of Romeo. Between them they find themselves almost rebelling against their expectations. Juliet is supposed to be marrying Paris however finds herself falling in love with Romeo. She shows signs of strength and wants to do what she wants to do. Romeo seems to launch straight into his love for Juliet. Did my heart love till now? Forswear it, sight, for I neer saw true beauty till this night. Romeo shows signs of his affection and sensitivity here and that he is not such a strong character he could be expected to be. A question can be asked that can Romeo really fall in love straight away. Perhaps he doesnt know what love really means.Unlike Romeo, Juliet doesnt launch straight into her love for Romeo. She is playing a more hard to get role and this is shown in the famous Shakespeare balcony scene. For the second time in the play Romeo finds himself in a weaker position. Juliet has a high er stance and her strong role is represented by her introduction to the scene in a position up high in the balcony. It is as if she is looking down upon Romeo. This furthermore suggests Juliet has more importance than Romeo. In this scene Romeo again launches straight in to telling Juliet how he feels.He shows a little too much emotion and this suggests he is slightly weaker and sensitive. With loves light wings did I oerperch these walls, for stony limits cannot hold love out Juliet simply replies with If they do see thee they will murder thee. We are now aware that Juliet is thinking more of the well being of Romeo and the consequences of his actions. She is also scared that Romeo will be caught and would rather him be safe than them share their love. This also shows she is less sensitive, rather more sensible than Romeo. She is showing her intelligent side, which the audience only clearly sees during the presence of her Romeo.Juliet is clearly thinking more realistically than Rom eo. She is telling him to think more seriously about his love for her. It is too rash, too unadvised, too sudden, too like the lightening. Romeo keeps coming out with soppy lines trying to impress Juliet and she is telling him to be serious and realistic. This suggests that Juliet thinks more clearly and intelligently, unlike Romeo who tries to impress Juliet. Juliet boldly states that she is worth more than other girls and Romeo will have to do more than come out with soppy weak comments trying to impress her. At this point Juliet shows her stronger side we only seem to see her express during the presence of Romeo. Our opinions then change from the servant like girl we are first introduced too and are expectations begin to get met.

Owl Facts

Owl Facts Hailed for their supposed wisdom  and their appetite for pesky rodents  but derided as pests and subjects  of superstition, owls (families Tytonidae and Strigidae) have had a love/hate relationship with humans since the beginning of recorded history. There are over 200 species of owls, and they might date back to the days of dinosaurs. Fast Facts: Owls Scientific Name: Tytonidae, StrigidaeCommon Names: Barn and bay owls, true owlsBasic Animal Group: BirdSize: Wingspans from 13–52 inchesWeight: 1.4 ounces to 4 poundsLifespan: 1–30 yearsDiet:  CarnivoreHabitat: Every continent except Antarctica, most environmentsConservation Status: Most owls are listed as Least Concerned, but a few are Endangered or Critically Endangered. Description There are about 216 species of owls divided into two families: Barn and Bay owls (Tytonidae) and the Strigidae (true owls). Most owls belong to the group of so-called true owls, with large heads and round faces, short tails, and muted feathers with mottled patterns. The remaining dozen-plus species are barn owls, which have heart-shaped faces, long legs with powerful talons, and moderate size. Except for the common barn owl, which is found worldwide, the most familiar owls in North America and Eurasia are the true owls. More than half of the owls in the world live in the neotropics and sub-Saharan Africa, and only 19 species reside in the United States and Canada. One of the most remarkable things about owls is that they move their entire heads when looking at something rather than moving their eyes, like most other vertebrates. Owls need large, forward-facing eyes to gather scarce light during their nocturnal hunts, and evolution couldnt spare the musculature to allow these eyes to rotate. Some owls have astonishingly flexible necks that let them turn their heads three-quarters of a circle, or 270 degrees, compared to 90 degrees for the average human being. The tawny owl is just one of the more than 225 owl species in the world. Nick Jewell/Flickr/CC by 2.0 Habitat and Distribution Owls are found on every continent except Antarctica, and they also inhabit many remote island groups including the Hawaiian islands. Their preferred habitats vary from species to species but include everything from arctic tundra to marshlands, deciduous and conifer forests, deserts and agricultural fields, and beaches. Diet and Behavior Owls swallow their prey- insects, small mammals and reptiles, and other birds- whole without biting or chewing. Most of the unfortunate animal is digested, but the parts that cant be broken down- such as bones, fur, and feathers- are regurgitated as a hard lump, called a pellet, a few hours after the owls meal. By examining these pellets, researchers can identify what a given owl has been eating and when. (Baby owls dont produce pellets since their parents feed  them soft,  regurgitated food in the nest.) Although other carnivorous birds, such as hawks and eagles, hunt during the day, most owls hunt at night. Their dark colors make them nearly invisible to their prey and their wings beat almost silently. These adaptations, combined with their enormous eyes, put owls among the most efficient night hunters on the planet. As befitting birds that hunt and kill small prey, owls have some of the strongest talons in the avian kingdom, capable of seizing and grasping squirrels, rabbits, and other squirmy mammals. One of the largest owl species, the five-pound great horned owl,  can curl its talons with a force of 300 pounds per square inch, roughly comparable to the strongest human bite. Some unusually large owls have talons comparable in size to those of much bigger eagles, which may explain  why even desperately hungry eagles usually wont attack their smaller cousins. In popular culture,  owls are invariably depicted as extremely intelligent, but its virtually impossible to train an owl, while parrots, hawks, ​and pigeons can be taught to retrieve objects and memorize simple tasks.  People think owls are smart for the same reason they think kids who wear glasses are smart: Bigger-than-usual eyes convey the impression of high intelligence. This doesnt mean owls are especially dumb, either; they need lots  of brain power to hunt at night. Reproduction and Offspring Owl mating rituals involve dual hooting, and once paired, a single male and female will remain together through the breeding season. Some species stay together for an entire year; others remain paired for life. They dont typically build their own nests, instead, they take over nests abandoned by other creatures. Owls can be aggressively territorial, especially during the breeding season. Mother owls lay between one and 11 eggs over a few days period, with an average of five or six. Once laid, she does not leave the nest until the eggs hatch, some 24–32 days later, and, although the male feeds her, she does tend to lose weight over that period. The chicks hack themselves out of the egg with an egg-tooth and leave the nest (fledge) after 3–4 weeks. No one is sure why, on average, female owls are slightly larger than males. One theory is that smaller males are more agile and therefore more suited to catching prey,​ while females brood young. Another is that because  females dont like to leave their eggs, they need a larger body mass to sustain them for long periods without eating. A third theory is less likely but more amusing: Since female owls often attack and drive off unsuitable males during mating season, the smaller size and greater agility of males prevent  them from getting hurt.   CGander Photography/Getty Images Evolutionary History Its difficult to trace the evolutionary origins of owls, much less their apparent kinship with contemporary  nightjars, falcons, and eagles. Owl-like birds  such as Berruornis and Ogygoptynx lived 60 million years ago during the Paleocene epoch, which means it is possible that the ancestors of owls coexisted with dinosaurs toward the end of the Cretaceous period. The strigid family of owls broke off from tyronids and first appeared in the Miocene epoch (23–5 million years ago). Owls are one of the most ancient terrestrial birds, rivaled only by the game birds (e.g., chickens, turkeys, and pheasants) of the order Galliformes. Conservation Status Most of the species in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) are listed as Least Concern, but a few are listed as Endangered or Critically Endangered, such as the Forest Owlet (Heteroglaux blewitti) in India; the Boreal Owl (Aegolius funereus) in North America, Asia, and Europe; and the Siau Scops-Owl (Otus siaoensis), on a single island in Indonesia. Ongoing threats to owls are hunters, climate change and habitat loss. Owls and Humans It  isnt a good idea to keep owls as pets, and not just because thats illegal in the U.S. and most other countries. Owls eat only fresh food, requiring a constant supply of mice, gerbils, rabbits, and other small mammals. Also, their beaks and talons are very sharp, so youd also need a stock of bandages. If that werent enough, an owl can live for more than 30 years, so youd be donning your industrial-strength gloves and flinging gerbils into its cage for many years. Ancient civilizations had widely divergent opinions about owls. The Greeks chose  owls to represent Athena, the goddess of wisdom, but Romans were terrified of them, considering them bearers of ill omens. The Aztecs and  Mayans hated and feared owls as symbols of death and destruction, while many Native American tribes scared their children with stories of owls waiting in the dark to carry them away. The ancient Egyptians had a kinder view of owls, believing that they protected the spirits of the dead as they traveled to the underworld. Sources Askew, Nick. List of Owl Species. BirdLife International, June 24, 2009.BirdLife International. Micrathene The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T22689325A93226849, 2016.  whitneyi.BirdLife International. Bubo . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T22689055A127837214, 2017.scandiacus (errata version published in 2018)BirdLife International. Heteroglaux . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T22689335A132251554, 2018.blewittiBirdLife International. Aegolius . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T22689362A93228127, 2016.  funereusBirdLife International. Otus . The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T22728599A134199532, 2018.siaoensisLynch, Wayne. Owls of the United States and Canada: A Complete Guide to their Biology and Behavior. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2007.

There is no point in having a doctrine of administrative Essay

There is no point in having a doctrine of administrative unreasonableness. Discuss - Essay Example It might be further added that an administrative decision would be deemed as unreasonable if it is so unreasonable that no reasonable authority could have ever reached it.1 This sounds very pompous but in effect is nothing but a tautology that would make a lawyer feel proud of their linguistic expertise without clarifying one little bit the issue at hand. To begin with one must differentiate between unreasonableness and other grounds for review of an administrative decision. The other grounds for a review of an administrative decision are ‘irrelevant considerations’ and ‘improper purposes’. These two grounds are mainly concerned with administrative process and evaluate whether the administrative authority made specific mistakes in the course of the administrative process by considering irrelevant issues or by directing its attention to an improper purpose. But the review conducted on grounds of ‘unreasonableness’ does not examine the administrat ive process; it is more concerned with the end result. This means the court need not enquire whether any specific ‘mistake’ has occurred, instead it would deliberate on the reasonableness of the administrative decision. ... However, this doctrine is so intrinsically vague as it leaves the final decision of unreasonableness to the sensibilities of the judges without any support of undeniable evidence that courts are usually very cautious in employing this ground of review and will only in rarest of rare occasions strike down an administrative decision as unreasonable. Therefore, though the doctrine of unreasonableness is a very potent weapon in the hands of judiciary to correct the wrongs done by the administrative arm of the government, its rare use perhaps blunts a good deal of its potentiality. The issue should be examined from another perspective to get a better idea about its effectiveness in a civil society. Let us assume that a decision will never be unreasonable unless some mistake has occurred in the administrative process. If that be so, unreasonableness is not a defect by itself but a symptom of another defect. Such an apprehension may lead the court to issue an order of nisi (as it is done in Israel) or grant leave for a judicial review (as it is done in England). Subsequently, as the review progresses, it may be unearthed that the decision is flawed with irrelevant considerations or improper purposes. If that be the case, the administrative decision can be overturned on those grounds and not on grounds of unreasonableness. It might also be that the review would lead to the conclusion that the administrative decision is based on relevant considerations and proper purposes and therefore cannot be flawed on these grounds but it might come to light that the authority had given unnecessary importance and undue weight to an otherwise relevant consideration. It could, for instance, be that the authority has converted a marginally relevant

Markets and Division of Labor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Markets and Division of Labor - Essay Example This paper illustrates that social cohesion and division of labour market are the two aspects that have come under association that dates back to several decades. From the olden times to the modern times, the ideas and notion about the market and division of labor whether encourage or discourage has come under numerous discussions and various opinions. Social cohesion comes under classification when the people within a society work in collaboration with each other for a common goal that includes the people coming from cultural diversity. Besides, dedication, acquaintance, and creation of a community are the pivotal aspects that form the social cohesion. Here the people have a shared approach as a single unit surrounded by a committed system, so that the strategies and guiding principles incorporating the economic, social, health and educational assist and support to the society and its members. While the other aspect of the report exhibit the division of labour, which is no new conce pt as it has its origination back to late eighteen century. Although various thinkers and philosophers considered it as a significant principle, but history reveals the fact that Adam Smith was one of the initial people who made an effort to undertake a theory of it. However, this phenomenon in the contemporary time of today has come under vast development that everybody is very much aware of this trend. The division of the labour refers to the area of interest that defines the productive output of the labor that aids in improving the economical growth. This comes under implementation from breaking the bigger activities into smaller chunks that the labor can perform as his expertise that can increase his productivity (Zupi and Puertas, 2010). Historical and authentic substantiation indicates that the few countries of European region initiated an experiment with a core purpose to make its economy liberated from other aspects of life including the social and political control that adm inistered the economic conditions, in order to free the socially rooted markets that subsisted for a very long time. Therefore, the development of the free market came into institution by splitting up the markets that has the origins on social factors. As consequence, a new type of economy came into emergence that did not considered the impacts on society and modified and transformed value of several components including the goods price and labor (Wood, 1984). The Adam’s idea of division of labour articulates that the larger jobs must be divided and break down into small components that can come under relation to the specialized workforce. This makes each worker and labour a proficient and specialist for the areas of production, and hence the efficiency and output of the labour boosts. Nevertheless, this idea of division of labour also hoards quite a few resources including capital and time, as the labours being an expert in a particular component would not have to make excha nge tasks and responsibilities. However, this also leads to an unanticipated issue that the propensity increases that a worker may become ignorant and disappointed from the work because the technological advancements would lead and induce the individuals to perform mundane and repetitious tasks (Reisman, 1976). Smith also states that in order to have a productive labour, they must be assigned the tasks that best fit their capabilities and abilities. This is for the reason that this assignment of labour according to their expertise would lead them to produce substantial and surplus products that can come under reinvestment into the production process. Adam Smith also has a leading concern towards the origins of the value, which has come under recognition in two different forms: use value and exchange value, and concluded that labour is the primary source of value (Reisman, 1976). The data and records provide clear evidences that the division of

W3 Disc Innovation Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

W3 Disc Innovation Strategy - Essay Example 1). Concurrently, the mission and military objectives are also expressly stated. These are openly communicated to all stakeholders, as evident from its being published online. The leadership checklist also indicates that the U.S. Army, through its leaders are committed to continuous thrusts for encouraging the development of innovative strategy. As emphasized, through leadership training courses, particularly the Noncommissioned Officer Education System (NCOES), soldiers are trained â€Å"how to lead at varying levels from Sergeant to Command Sergeant Major. Each course is specifically designed for each level of increased responsibility and accountability† (U.S. Army, n.d., p. 1). Likewise, processes and resources in the U.S. Army support and complement leadership, as well as the mission and vision statements. As noted, the command policy and programs contain all the crucial information that governs effective conduct and behavior of all soldiers (U.S. Army, 2007). In addition, the resources encourage solicitation of new ideas through leaders’ initiative and effective communication strategies. Overall, using the checklist for innovation strat egy, one could deduce that the U.S. Army assumes a proactive stance and is always ready to implement an innovation

YouTube Video Sharing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

YouTube Video Sharing - Essay Example YouTube.com has been the leader in Internet video search. This video entertainment site has been in operation for only a year but it has already become the most favorite video-sharing site, dislodging News Corp.'s MySpace, Yahoo, Microsoft's MSN, Google and AOL. This is the very reason why the onset You Tube, the very processes and legal aspects related to video sharing through You Tube is worth studying. Youtube serves as a quick entertainment break especially for viewers who have broadband connections at work or home. Youtube, whose original creators were students, however, is mostly popular among teens. It is said that more 100 million videos-usually short, homemade, comic videos created by users--are being seen on Youtubue every day. The record high was reported in June when an estimated 2.5 billion videos were watched on this site. Next to video lovers, online video advertisers, for sure, are the ones who are excited about the popularity of Youtube and other online video sites nowadays. With Youtube, the potential for online video advertising has become bigger. It was reported that online advertisements were the fastest-growing part of the $521-billion advertising market last year. Hence, web articles and peer reviewed journals published written and published from the year 2000 to the present are the most useful resources that can be acquired when writing about this topic. This is because You Tube was established along with the booming information technology and widespread use of internet, hence the coming of the 21st century will be the best possible years to looks for. The Form and the Medium Since a single click to see a video on Youtube can easily be counted, it also has become easier for companies to exactly track how many people are interested in their product. This, plus the fact that content providers and marketers could get instant recognition around the globe when they advertise their products online, is what attracts advertisers to put their money on online video advertising. Seeing the potential for increasing its revenues in Internet ads, web search leader Google Inc. recently bought Youtube for $1.65 billion in stock. This is so far the biggest price paid for a consumer-generated media site. Analysts said the acquisition would help Google compete in video search, an area where it has been weak. US Internet search giant Yahoo Inc., meanwhile, recently launched a video-sharing service in a move to capitalize on the trend being blazed by YouTube. The new video service's design is similar to that of Youtube, only that it has the capability to stream video which users can link their favorite footage to personal Web pages. This paper would try to compare the different video sharing facilities presented in the internet - such as the You tube, the Google and the Yahoo movies/video sharing. This will try to analyze the different factors why these forms of media are now becoming one of the most popular channel to advertise and/or market a product or service and equally powerful in disseminating information to. More so, in lieu of my final essay related to advertising, I will try to conceptualize different video advertisements (ranging from 1-5) for a varied number of products and services. These video ad concepts will have to be align with the effective and affective advertisements concepts (which will also be studied). Relevance to the Discipline The success of Youtube has been mired with controversies. For one, Youtube and other

Marketing plan for a charter school Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Marketing plan for a charter school - Essay Example This marketing plan is for Allegiance Academy for grades K-9, a public charter school, to be located in Tucson, Arizona It is a publicly funded school that, in accordance with state statute, has been granted a charter exempting it from state or local rules and regulations. It is newly created and will be governed by a group of local educators. Our main objective is to recruit students to our newly established school. Like most Americans who have ancestors from multiple countries or even continents, charters were born of disparate theories, educating initiatives, and social philosophies. That diversity has been one of the greatest strengths of the big family that is the charter movement. But now public . policies ......certainly No Child Left Behind, but also the state standards movement that preceded it.........are forcing conversations long delayed. In the early 1990's, at the inception of charter schools, the bargain was set. These schools would be given greater autonomy and flexib ility than traditional public schools, and in return they would be held accountable for getting better results in student learning. Just as critically, they would be schools of choice for everyone involved.........students, parents, and teachers. Two sides of the charter triangle........autonomy and choice.........have remained quite clear and without controversy, at least within the charter movement itself. Parents should have plenty of choices; and the more autonomy and flexibility, the better. It has remained clear that the charter model has succeeded in attracting applicants.... A quality charter school authorizer engages in responsible oversight of charter schools by ensuring that schools have both the autonomy to which they are entitled and the public accountability for which they are responsible. They should: Approach authorizing deliberately and thoughtfully with the intent to improve the quality of public school options Support and advance the purposes of charter school law Be a catalyst for charter school development to satisfy unmet educational needs Strive for clarity, consistency, and transparency in developing and implementing authorizing policies and procedures Be a source of accurate, intelligible performance-based information about the schools they oversee Be responsible not for the success or failure of the school, but for holding the school accountable for their performance Use objective and verifiable measures of student achievement as the primary measure of school quality and to Make the well-being of students the fundamental value informing all decision-making and actions RESOURCES NEEDED The governing body has purchased a vacant property located at 12345 Lane Drive in Tucson. Start up funds have been obtained from individuals, state planning grants, corporate grants, and entrepreneurs. Other resources will have to be explored. Fund-raising projects are in the process. Advertisements for staff has been placed in newspapers across the state and in educational journals and magazines. Current applicants are now in the interviewing process. A food vendor has been contracted for the lunch program. Insurance policies are in place for the building and the faculty and student

Argument essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 4

Argument - Essay Example In the light of the above, it may be argued that it is necessary to keep cultural traditions even if a person has moved into a new country because old culture has its own relevance in an individual’s life. Americanized immigrants like Vietnamese believe that their children will not keep their traditions alive because they do not understand why the rituals are performed on occasions. They believe that the tradition will culminate with the present generation. The children of immigrants have no idea about the prayers to be made to long departed souls. Though the old generation makes it a point to perform all the cultural traditions in varying occasions even if they live in the United States asking for the protection and guidance of the departed souls, their children are only interested in worldly matters of studies, degrees and recognitions. The agrarian ethos of family and worship has given way to the obsession of individual’s glories and ambitions. Keeping tradition alive, however, does not move away from the responsibility of the Americanized younger immigrant generations because at some point of time they regret and feel guilt for not carrying forward their cultural values (Lam 2003). It may be noted that there is not such element as timeless tradition because immigrants consider life of their ethnic society from a different perspective in a foreign land. To keep the tradition alive, immigrants usually build up their version of tradition by re-conceptualizing their past in the new foreign society to discuss issues and dilemmas. The invented tradition has a significance of its own because immigrants interpret and function in the present society according to the cultural models of the past. Factors that help immigrants to keep their cultural traditions of their home country alive are strong immigrant institutions and communities, ethnic networks and transnational relations. In

Marketing plan for a charter school Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Marketing plan for a charter school - Essay Example This marketing plan is for Allegiance Academy for grades K-9, a public charter school, to be located in Tucson, Arizona It is a publicly funded school that, in accordance with state statute, has been granted a charter exempting it from state or local rules and regulations. It is newly created and will be governed by a group of local educators. Our main objective is to recruit students to our newly established school. Like most Americans who have ancestors from multiple countries or even continents, charters were born of disparate theories, educating initiatives, and social philosophies. That diversity has been one of the greatest strengths of the big family that is the charter movement. But now public . policies ......certainly No Child Left Behind, but also the state standards movement that preceded it.........are forcing conversations long delayed. In the early 1990's, at the inception of charter schools, the bargain was set. These schools would be given greater autonomy and flexib ility than traditional public schools, and in return they would be held accountable for getting better results in student learning. Just as critically, they would be schools of choice for everyone involved.........students, parents, and teachers. Two sides of the charter triangle........autonomy and choice.........have remained quite clear and without controversy, at least within the charter movement itself. Parents should have plenty of choices; and the more autonomy and flexibility, the better. It has remained clear that the charter model has succeeded in attracting applicants.... A quality charter school authorizer engages in responsible oversight of charter schools by ensuring that schools have both the autonomy to which they are entitled and the public accountability for which they are responsible. They should: Approach authorizing deliberately and thoughtfully with the intent to improve the quality of public school options Support and advance the purposes of charter school law Be a catalyst for charter school development to satisfy unmet educational needs Strive for clarity, consistency, and transparency in developing and implementing authorizing policies and procedures Be a source of accurate, intelligible performance-based information about the schools they oversee Be responsible not for the success or failure of the school, but for holding the school accountable for their performance Use objective and verifiable measures of student achievement as the primary measure of school quality and to Make the well-being of students the fundamental value informing all decision-making and actions RESOURCES NEEDED The governing body has purchased a vacant property located at 12345 Lane Drive in Tucson. Start up funds have been obtained from individuals, state planning grants, corporate grants, and entrepreneurs. Other resources will have to be explored. Fund-raising projects are in the process. Advertisements for staff has been placed in newspapers across the state and in educational journals and magazines. Current applicants are now in the interviewing process. A food vendor has been contracted for the lunch program. Insurance policies are in place for the building and the faculty and student

The Industrial Revolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Industrial Revolution - Essay Example The changes were far from beneficial for the working class who did not see an increase in their standard of living during the Industrial Revolution, but instead traded health, dignity, and emotional well being for a small increase in disposable income. The topic of the working class during this period has been one that has been widely and often debated. It can stir up highly charged emotions among historians and social scientists. While some arguments center on amelioration, others are more pessimistic in their viewpoint. The debate has become more interesting as the issues are applied to the global economy and the developing world of today. During this period of development in England, large numbers of the population were relocated from a self-sufficient agricultural economy to an urban factory setting. To entice the workers to move, an economic advantage, either real or perceived was necessary. Higher wages would be offered than could be realized from farm labor. However, the worker would trade social and environmental amenities for the higher pay. It is hypothesized that based on this trade of well being for wages, we can expect to find that when wages increased, living conditions were the poorest. Likewise, based on free market theory, the higher wages would initially create increased demand for products and higher prices. However, as production reached economies of scale, the market would reach equilibrium and result in modest financial rewards for the working class. Because standard of living denotes well being, it does not lend itself to mathematical evaluation. Much of it is qualitative and subjective. Often, even quantitative data from this period is subject to debate about its meaning and credibility. The data will be analyzed through a lens of objectivity and attempt to describe a condition as better or worse. Data such as wages and costs will be reported in real terms and consumption will be analyzed for quality of content. Definition of Terms For the purpose of this research the Industrial Revolution is defined as the period of 1770 to 1849. The research will consider the standard of living of the working class during this period. The post 1849 years will be evaluated and used for comparison where appropriate. This is consistent with many historians who consider the post 1849 period to be the Second Industrial Revolution. Graphical data will be presented for the years 1794 - 1849, the period that credible data is available. This 50-year period is an adequate representation of the major economic movements for the period. One of the overriding difficulties in approaching this topic is defining standard of living. Standard of living is comprised of several different attributes that may be material, emotional, or a combination of both. Standard of living includes wages and the amount of products consumed. It includes both necessities and luxury items. Standard of living considers the working conditions and the safety of the occupation. It also includes living conditions, the environment, and the health of the household. It further includes infant mortality and life span. As a measure of progress with respect to standard of living it will also evaluate education and literacy. This multitude of characteristics will combine to give a more complete picture of the standard

Sport Is Neither Solely Media Essay

Sport Is Neither Solely Media Essay Sport is often overlooked regarding its influence on cultural and social structures in society Schirato, 2007 However, research has demonstrated that sport associations and various sport-related special interest groups have a resounding impact on larger societal perceptions. Furthermore, sport serves as a key outlet of cultural expression, and often contributes to national pride (Schirato Webb, 2003). The purpose of this essay is to discuss sports role in society and its impact on these cultural and social structures. Specifically, this essay aims to address sports specific role as a vehicle for cultural homogeneity, as well as a medium for national resistance. Drawing on examples of sports role in the global process and its impact on national identity, this essay provides evidence supporting the argument that this form of cultural expression fulfils multiple societal purposes. This essay concludes with a brief summary and outline of key points. Sport as a Vehicle for Cultural Homogeneity This section discusses the role of sport as a vehicle for cultural homogeneity. First, a definition of cultural homogeneity is provided, along with a general discussion of sports implications for promoting this ideology. The Olympic Games are cited as a specific example of sports facilitating role in promoting cultural assimilation. Finally, football is a key example of sport contributing to homogeneity and this sport is discussed in relation to both the United Kingdom and the European Union. Cultural Homogeneity Cultural homogeneity refers to a sense of societal similitude, in which the majority of the population shares the same ideas, values, and even demographic characteristics (Tomlinson Young, 2006). Contrary to cultural diversity, a culturally homogenous society is one that is generally dictated by political leaders (Stolyarov, 2011). According to Tomlinson and Young (2006), cultural homogeneity provides a number of advantages, such as facilitating national pride and increasing peace within a nations borders. However, Tomlinson and Young (2006) also warn of the perils of a culturally homogenous society. For example, the idea is cultural homogeneity is often one that is forced on citizens by the ruling class, and can inhibit national progress (Stolyarov, 2011). Furthermore, cultural homogeneity stifles independent thinking and can contribute to racism and bigotry toward other cultures (Stolyarov, 2011). Ideally, a balance between cultural homogeneity and cultural diversity must be struc k. Sport is a form of cultural expression that helps facilitate this balance and promotes more positive aspects of cultural homogeneity (Schirato, 2007). In many cultures, sport is essential to national identity (Schirato, 2007). Similarly, sport serves as a vehicle for the expression of nationalist sentiment, (Bairner, 2001, p. 12) allowing politicians to promote a link between sport and national political thought. Olympic Games The Olympic Games have long served as a vehicle for cultural homogeneity, both within the host country and each respective participating nation (Dzankic, 2012). In preparation for the Olympic Games, the host country often experiences increased national uniformity and diminished conflict (Schirato, 2007). For example, during the 2000 games in Sydney, the Olympic Games promoted an effective cultural focal point as increasing migrant problems continued to threaten Australias cultural homogeneity (Magdalinski, 2001). During this time, the Asian economic recession severely affected Australias financial security and the nation experienced widespread societal conflict (Magdalinski, 2001). However, the emphasis on preparing for the games helped to unify citizens, as well as provide an economic boost. Both of these benefits have had a lasting impact within Australias borders (Magdalinski, 2001). The 2012 summer games in London have had a similar impact within the United Kingdom. Concerns existed in hosting the games in London due to the 2011 riots that occurred in various boroughs (Dzankic, 2012). More than 3,000 people were arrested within London and five died from the violence associated with the riots. Although the specific cause of the riots was due to a police shooting, the societal outcry reflected more widespread issues such as racism, class discrepancies, and a general economic decline within the United Kingdom (Dzankic, 2012). Furthermore, the violence exhibited cultural problems such as diminishing social morality and rising criminal behaviour (Dzankic, 2012). As with the Sydney games, London was praised for its high level of security and organisation (Dzankic, 2012). Hosting the games helped unify Londons citizens and enthuse the population (Dzankic, 2012). The economic and social impacts of the games still remain to be seen. However, Dzankic (2012) asserts that t he positive repercussions from hosting the games will be felt for multiple generations within London and the United Kingdom. Football Football serves as a particularly strong vehicle for cultural homogeneity within the United Kingdom and throughout Europe (King, 2000). Research (e.g., Tomlinson Young, 2006) has indicated that football plays a central role in promoting both individual and group identity among its fans. European club football, for example, has developed into a central focus for cultural and economic assimilation within the European Union (King, 2000). Interestingly, this integration has not contributed to increased cultural homogeneity among the union, but has, rather, promoted rising competition between its national members (King, 2000). The cultural homogeneity has become stronger within individual countries and not for the union itself (Tomlinson Young, 2006). Oftentimes, the success of European football clubs serves as an expression of emerging national identities and has significant cultural and economic influences (King, 2000). FC Barcelonas success in recent years is a contemporary example o f the emergence of the Catalan national identity. Sport as a Vehicle for National Resistance This section describes sports role in promoting national resistance. A definition of national resistance is first provided, followed by a discussion of historical examples in which sport has helped support citizens efforts to resistance national politics. Finally, specific examples are presented within the United Kingdom. National Resistance National resistance occurs anytime citizens within a nation express opposition to the overlying philosophical, social, and political ideologies of the ruling class (Schirato Webb, 2003). A number of specific national resistance movements have occurred in developing and developed nations worldwide. Even within the United Kingdom, multiple national resistance movements have occurred among groups that seek to prevent cultural homogeneity and protect the typically conservative values of its advocates (Schirato Webb, 2003). Historical Examples As with cultural homogeneity, sports social and political underpinnings have served as a platform for supporting various forms of national resistance (Bairner, 2001). In a classic example from the 1968 Olympic Games, a group of African American athletes symbolically protested their nations involvement in the Vietnam War by raising their fists on the podium (Bairner, 2001). Ok (2005) also illustrates the political significance of sport in a case study of Korean national resistance to Japanese colonial policy in the early 20th century. Finally, Lin and Lee (2007) assert that sport provided a medium for national resistance as baseball gained widespread popularity in Asia during the late 19th and early 20th centuries. According to these authors, baseball played a central role in advancing the Japanese colonial governments efforts to integrate Taiwanese society (Lin Lee, 2007). However, the Taiwanese were well aware of this political strategy and the acceptance of baseball was met with r esistance (Lin Lee, 2007). Sport can also be viewed as a means of cultural resistance within minority groups against racism and classism (Rowe, 2003). According to Rowe (2003), sport is particularly powerful in the United States as African Americans use sport as a form of resistance to Caucasian racism. In the two most popular sports leagues in the United States, the National Football League and the National Basketball Association, the majority of players are of African American descent (Rowe, 2003). In Major League baseball, a large percentage of players are also of African American descent, while Hispanics and Asians also account for a substantial portion of the league (Ok, 2005). According to Carrington (1998), sport has resulted in the development of specifically race-themed sport institutions, and served as a symbolic indicator of cultural identity in opposition to a predominantly Caucasian society. Sport and National Resistance in the United Kingdom One historical example of national resistance within the United Kingdom occurred in the mid-1990s when Sport England began to allocate funding gained from the Sports Lottery (Garrett, 2004). At the time, this funding source was the largest ever made available to sport in the United Kingdom and resulted in a substantial number of voluntary sports clubs at the grass roots level (Garrett, 2004). However, this funding allocation was initially criticised for serving to advance the political goals of the Department of Culture Media and Sport (DCMS), and did not necessarily reflect the needs of the population (Garrett, 2004). Voluntary sports clubs varied in their willingness to support the funding conditions, and national resistance resulted due to the discrepancy between the amount of funding allocated and the level of benefit granted to sport within England (Garrett, 2004). The United Kingdom has experienced similar results as the United States in the development of its professional sports leagues (Spracklen, Hylton Long, 2006). Sport has served as a platform for minority groups to resist the contingent notions of whiteness embedded in British sport (Spracklen, Hylton Long, 2006, p. 291). Although sport in the United Kingdom continues to be dominated by Caucasians, the Sporting Equals Racial Equality Standards have helped resist this status and promoted organisational change within United Kingdom sports leagues (Spracklen, Hylton Long, 2006). Sports Role in the Global Process This section describes sports role in the globalisation of a culture and the general global process. The global process is first defined, followed by sports specific role in cultural globalisation. Specific examples of the effects of this increased globalisation are then presented. Global Process The global process is a general term to describe the assimilation and increased congruence of cultures worldwide (Schirato Webb, 2003). Globalisation is caused by multiple factors, including social, cultural, political, and environmental contributions (Schirato Webb, 2003). The 21st century has witnessed the most rapid period of globalisation in history, as more information is shared between cultures than ever before (Schirato Webb, 2003). Any process that contributes to a broader international exchange of information and resources can be considered a form of globalisation, and advances in communication technologies have significantly influenced this phenomenon (Schirato Webb, 2003). Role of Sport There is little question that sport has greatly contributed to globalisation. Major worldwide sporting events, such as the Olympic Games and Word Cup serve as primary examples of this globalisation process. The expansion of sport and infusion of athletes from all over the world into major sports leagues has played a pivotal role in integrating cultural and social ideals (Dzankic, 2012). While few would argue that sport has been at the forefront of increased globalisation in the 21st century, some researchers (e.g., Rowe, 2003) attest that sport may not promote the cultural assimilation than was previously thought. For example, Rowe (2003) asserts that sport is so deeply dependent on the production of national cultural difference that it repudiates the possibility of comprehensive globalization (p. 281). Rowe (2003) contests that sports inherent nature actually promotes a resistance to globalisation, and prevents future cultural assimilation. Though this view is somewhat bleak and over-simplistic, an increasing number of sociologists appear to be adopting the same position (Stolyarov, 2011). Perhaps a more accurate depiction of sports role in the globalisation process is to suggest that it serves not just as a vehicle for cultural homogeneity or resistance, but fulfils both outcomes. The cultural integration that has occurred through major worldwide sporting events is undeniable (Schirato Webb, 2003). Though sport is riddled with deep historic national roots that have been the subject of intercontinental controversy, these barriers have been typically overcome in most cases as sports have experienced more internationally-based governing bodies (Schirato, 2007). Congruence has been reached in most major sports regarding rules and politics and few sports belong to just one nation or another (Giulianotti Robertson, 2009). Effects of Globalisation Giulianotti and Robertson (2009) describe how, in just a few centuries, simplistic pasture games have evolved into complex sports with precise rules, and are competed on a global level. All major sports include athletes from all over the world, and the accessibility of equipment and sports leagues for young athletes has increased at an exponential rate in recent history (Giulianotti Robertson, 2009). However, like Rowe (2003), these authors suggest that sports role in the global process does not necessarily facilitate the most ideal forms of cultural integration. The competitive nature of sport may induce a rise in cultural tension in many cases, and the globalisation of the economic side of sport has been the subject of cultural conflict (Giulianotti Robertson, 2009). As sport not longer serves solely as a form of entertainment, and has significant financial ramifications for many countries, some attest that sport is equally responsible for cultural dissemination (Giulianotti Rob ertson, 2009). Within the United Kingdom, Boyle (2010) further highlights the manner in which sport has changed from a form of entertainment into a capitalist industrial complex (p. 1300). The complex relationship between globalisation and national identity particularly manifests itself in the form of football (Boyle, 2010). The severe economic underpinnings of football within the United Kingdom have contributed to a number of cases of international tension and conflict. When beloved football star David Beckham left Europe to play professional football in the United States, for example, he became the scapegoat for increased cultural tensions between citizens of each nation (Boyle, 2010). Sports Role in the Reproduction of National Identities This section emphasises sports role in the reproduction of national identities. As sport is closely related to the adoption of ones national identity, this form of cultural expression provides an outlet to reproduce these ideals on an international level. A definition and discussion of this process is first presented on a global level. Specific examples related to the United Kingdom then follow. National Identities A national identity refers to a persons feelings of belonging to a particular nation, and the congruence of these feelings with other members of the nation (Boyle, 2010). A national identity tends to develop and evolve over time, and is highly dependent on an individuals acceptance of the political, cultural, and social ideals of his or her country. Although this concept is highly variable, research (e.g., Smith Porter, 2004) illustrates that national identity consistently strengthens through multiple platforms, such as the military and media (Smith Porter, 2004). Role of Sport Sport has also consistently served as one of these key platforms of national identity. According to Bairner (2001), most citizens display increased national pride when a member of his or her country experiences athletic success on a global level. Sport has also been used to symbolically reflect the strength, beauty, and vitality of its citizens. A common perception exists that athletic success translates to economic and political fortitude of a particular nation, and numerous countries distribute large percentages of funding resources into sport programs for this very reason (Tomlinson Young, 2006). Even in smaller nations such as Taiwan, sport plays a role in forming citizens national identities and contributes to civic patriotism (Bairner, 2001). Athletic success further contributes to the global perception of cohesiveness among a particular nation and helps integrate divided ethnic groups (Bairner, 2001). The advantages of sport in reproducing national identities is no more obvious than in the competition between nations to host the Olympic games or other global sporting events (Tomlinson Young, 2006). According to Tomlinson and Young (2006), these events provide a basis for which political ideologies can be spread, emit a global sense of cohesive national identity, and serve as measuring sticks for the evolving social and political environment of an ever-increasing global society. Furthermore, the long-term financial advantages gained from these perceptions of national pride, such as increased trade and foreign investment, far outweigh the initial costs of hosting major sporting events (Dzankic, 2012). Historical Examples During the imperial stages of Britains cultural history, sport was used as a means of training citizens to adopt its values and beliefs (Giulianotti Robertson, 2009). This period had a strong influence on forming the British national identity, and also served to promote both social and political assimilation among lower and higher classes (Rowe, 2003). The results from the adoption of sport continue to manifest in the form of local and national competitions that honour the British crown and celebrate British cultural similitude (Rowe, 2003). Once again, the London Olympics illustrate the links between sports and reproduction of national identity (Dzankic, 2012). While sport is often only viewed for its competitive aspect, Dzankic (2012) asserts that sport has become an increasing symbol of national pride. The level of patriotism displayed at global sporting events such as the Olympics places a spotlight on the nations politics, and sport plays an important role for understanding a nation and its citizens (Dzankic, 2012). Sport goes beyond its superficial physical aspect and serves as a manifestation of all of a nations social, political and cultural elements (Dzankic, 2012). Contributing to sport and rooting for national teams, individuals display their citizenship and exhibit their consolidation to a political regime (Rowe, 2003). In every nation that has hosted the Olympics, England included, the citizens have enjoyed an increased sense of unity and national identity in the years that followed (Dzankic, 2012). Summary and Conclusion Sport is often overlooked regarding its influence on cultural and social structures in society. Sport can be considered a form of cultural expression that promotes more positive aspects of cultural homogeneity. Specifically, the Olympic Games have long served as a vehicle for cultural homogeneity, both within the host country and each respective participating nation. Football also serves as a particularly strong vehicle for cultural homogeneity within the United Kingdom and throughout Europe. National resistance occurs anytime citizens within a nation expression opposition to the overlying philosophical, social, and political ideologies of the ruling class. As with cultural homogeneity, sports social and political underpinnings have served as a platform for supporting various forms of national resistance. Sport can also be viewed as a means of cultural resistance within minority groups against racism and classism. One historical example of national resistance within the United Kingdom occurred in the mid-1990s when Sport England began to allocate funding gained from the Sports Lottery. Globalisation is caused by multiple factors, including social, cultural, political, and environmental. There is little question that sport has greatly contributed to globalisation. Major worldwide sporting events, such as the Olympic Games and Word Cup serve as primary examples of this globalisation process. All major sports include athletes from all over the world, and the accessibility of equipment and sports leagues for young athletes has increased at an exponential rate in recent history. Sport has consistently served as one of these key platforms of national identity. The advantages of sport in reproducing national identities are evident in the competition that exists between nations to host the Olympic Games or other global sporting events. The level of patriotism displayed at global sporting events such as the Olympics places a spotlight on the nations politics, and sport plays an important role for understanding a nation and its citizens. Based on the evidence provided, it can be said that sport is both a vehicle for cultural homogeneity, as well as a medium for national resistance.

International Charter Of Human Essay -- essays research papers

International Declaration of Human Rights and Freedoms History   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After the war crimes committed by the Germans in the holocaust that occurred during World War II, the United nations decided to create a document guaranteeing respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms for all people, regardless of race, sex, language, or religion. This document was called The Universal Declaration of Human Rights.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The declaration was voted in on December 10, 1948, which is now celebrated each year as Human Rights Day. The Declaration says that â€Å"all human beings are born free and equal† and establishes basic rights for all people and rules for the actions of governments in many areas pertaining to those rights. For example, it says that all people have the right to liberty, religious and political freedom, education, and economic well-being. It bans torture and states that all people have the right to participate in their governments.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The declaration is not a law, unfortunately, and in some cases has had little actual effect on the member countries of the UN. Governments with poor human rights records, such as China, do not agree with the UN’s attempts to promote human rights, saying that such actions interfere with their internal affairs.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The UN has a Commission on Human Rights. Its job is to monitor abuses of the declaration in member countries, hold international meetings on human rights issues and handle complaints about violations to the basic human rights.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It was in 1993 that the General Assembly created the position of High Commissioner for Human Rights. The commissioner job is to oversee all of the UN’s human rights programs, work to prevent human rights violations, and investigate human rights abuses. It is also in the commissioner’s power to publicize abuses to human rights taking place in any country. However most publicity about abuses to human rights does not come from the UN but from rival countries or non-governmental groups like Amnesty International   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The UN has also written four international treaties on human rights. These treaties do have the force of law but are very hard to enforce. The treaties deal only with the problems of genocide, racial discrimination, civil and po... ...rights issues in the world. Before it was drafted, many cases involving human rights were simply ignored or kept quiet. Take for example just before World War Two, Nazi Germany was known to want to eliminate a great percentage of people not fitting into their â€Å"Aryan† master race, yet they still hosted the Olympics of 1936. At those Olympics they refused to grant a gold medal to a Jewish person, Jesse Owens, and still America and many other countries chose to ignore Germany for political reasons. After the war, almost in response to the declarations, various human rights organizations, such as amnesty international have been created. They almost always use the Declaration as their basic outline for the rights of human beings. These groups bring much attention to the human rights problems of the world. A good example was the later war in Vietnam, protests in the United States over unfair treatment of enemy civilians is one of the main reasons they were forced to pull ou t.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  So in conclusion I must say that nobody can argue that forcing people to stand up and take notice is the only way to eliminate a problem and that is what the Declaration has achieved.